How Our Fiat Currency is Destroying Our Economy and What You Can Do

Money is anything that is accepted as a means of exchange. It can be a commodity, a receipt, a fiat (by order or decree), or fractional money. Throughout history we have seen monetary systems start as commodity money and move to receipts. In the US we used gold. But when the gold got too cumbersome to use, we deposited it in a bank and carried a receipt instead. That receipt could have been used as money because the holder could claim the gold in the bank that backed it. Banks got an idea. Since the receipts were rarely redeemed, they started issuing multiple receipts on the same gold deposits, allowing them to make loans with money they did not really have. This is fractional money. The problem was that when too many people decided to claim their gold, there was not enough to cover the claims. So the system caused instability in the economy because of the lack of confidence that the money was actually backed by gold deposits. So the solution was to have the government decree that the receipts were to be accepted as money backed by the government (fiat currency). The government would hold gold reserves to back their claim. Today, our currency is no longer backed by gold reserves.

In the book, The Plea for the Constitution, George Bancroft in 1886 (republished by Spence Judd Publishers in 1982), George wrote that the founders of our country had the evils and painful results of fiat money in mind when they wrote the Constitution. They wanted to keep the government from creating a fiat monetary system. This is because they knew that this system propagated fraud in their previous experience. They believed that forcing the people to accept a fiat currency should have considered a crime of treason punishable by death. Thomas Paine wrote about this in his "Dissertations on Government" on February 18, 1786. Our founders were clear where they stood on this, though Federal Reserve Bank materials today will lead you to believe otherwise. Despite this resolve, lawmakers today have found clever ways to justify the monetary system we now have. The 10th Amendment states "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." Although the first draft included "The legislation of the United States will have the power to borrow money and emit bills of credit." It was hotly debated and voted down by a large majority, so it was removed. The fact that they took this action clearly left the power of issuing currency to the citizens of the United States. Alexander Hamilton comes to this same conclusion in his writing, "Works" Part II.

If you were to write your congressman today and question them on this issue, they would respond with a letter that cites a Supreme Court case from 1884, Julliard vs. Greenman, where the decision cave the Federal government justification to create a fiat currency. Since the decision went unchallenged for so many years, it is considered settled law, despite the fact that it is in direct conflict with the intent of the Constitution. This decision effectively made new constitutional law. If you tried to challenge the constitutionality of this law in your own case today, your case would be dismissed as frivolous. George Bancroft declared this a flagrant violation of the constitution in his book. Bancroft is a reliable source because he personally knew Andrew Jackson, Polk, and every president since Monroe during his lifetime. He had discussions with James Madison, John Adams, and LaFayette. He was intimately acquainted with the original intent of the constitution. So it is clear that our government has subscribed to the fraudulent practices that our founders considered a crime of treason.

As a result, we have created an unstable economy that is sooner to exaggerated swings of boom and bust that are ever increasing as we become more deeply involved in the fraud. Occasionally, this system will no longer be able to be sustained by clever manipulations of the market. This places the citizens of the US in an uncomfortable position. Either we put a stop to it, or we prepare as individuals for the coming total collapse of our economy. The best way to do this is to be completely debt free, and to keep a large portion of your net worth in hard assets that are relatively stable in price and reserve buying power, even if those assets are not enough liquid now, and certainly not liquid in a collapse. Once the monetary system is reformed, those assets will return to previous liquidity and value.

Understanding Auto Repair Abbreviations

Like any specialized field, auto repair has its own unique set of abbreviations. Used by professionals, the abbreviations can seem to create a completely different language. This can be frustrating for car owners who may not understand what's being said and who find themselves too embarrassed to ask questions on their meaning.

While you should always ask any question that pops in your head especially when dealing with something as important as auto repair, you can ease the embarrassment by studying up on some of the more common auto repair abbreviations.

Now many car owners will encounter only specific abbreviations, usually ones dealing with parts. These abbreviations will probably be used when considering the replacement of damaged items of your car and may even show up on your bill.

OEM- Original Equipment Manufacturer. This simply means that the part is certified new by the manufacturer of the car. This is important for those owners wanting only new parts and that need an assurance of that fact.

QRP- Quality Replacement Part. When mechanisms use "QRP" it is used as a euphemism. What this really means is that the part is an aftermarket part.

A / M- Aftermarket. An A / M is a part not made by the manufacturer of your vehicle.

Now other abbreviations will be used when dealing with the actual maintenance of the vehicle. These abbreviations are second nature to many mechanisms who may use them absent mindedly even to customers.

A / F Ratio-Air / Fuel Ratio or Air to Fuel Ratio. A proper A / F Ratio is needed to properly start the car.

CAT-Catalytic Converter. Back in the 1970s the United States started strengthening EPA standards relating internal combustion engines. The CAT is used to turn toxic by products into something a little less toxic.

DFI- Digital Fuel Injector. Fuel Injectors replaced carburetors back in the 1980s. The DFI relations on high pressure to mix the fuel and air where carburetors used low pressure.

DTC- Diagnostic Trouble Code. As the name suggests, the DTC helps to identify any problems. The mechanic reads the DTC with the help of a scanner tool. The DTC consists of 5 digits.

FIPL- Fuel Injector Pump Lever. This piece of equipment insures the continued operation and performance of the fuel injector pump. The fuel injector pump is responsible for getting the fuel from the tank to the injectors. This is critical for the vehicles continued performance.

GPS- Global Positioning System. These systems are becoming more and more popular and are even featured in many of the newer model cars. There should be something wrong with the GPS then you need to make sure that the mechanic understands how to work on it.

hp- Horsepower. Horsepower is a measurement of power and is usually used to refer to trucks and some SUVs.

Now, there are certainly numerous other abbreviations beyond what is listed here which you will no doubt hear while having your car service It is always a good idea to learn at least a handful of abbreviations before heading to a mechanic. A little knowledge goes a long way, after all, and by displaying some know how you will be able to understand the lingo and jargon of the auto repair shop.

These Top 5 Romantic Birthday Gift Ideas for Your Girlfriend Are Truly the Best

It's great if one is romantic enough to make his girlfriend feel feel on top of the world, but when it's time to surprise her with a gift, the essence of love should be reflected from the gift too. It does not matter if it's her birthday, not Valentine's Day. Since love is the core essence of this relationship so it should not be missed out from the gift.

It needs not be an expensive birthday gift to be ideally romantic for your girlfriend. It needs to be the most thoughtful one to make her feel loved and cared. And, if the best romantic birthday gift ideas for your girlfriend is to be considered then there are a few options to brief:

Personalized Bottle Lamp:

From the widest range of personalized gifts, bottle lamps are trending a lot these days. It can be personalized with her best photographs and with some romantic quote or text too. No wonder, this gift will make her feel spellbound and madly loved.

Birthday Cake and Flower Combo:

How can cake be missed from birthday celebration of the sweetheart? To make her special day, a memorable one for her, the combo of birthday cake with beautiful flowers can do wonders in making her feel loved. After picking birthday flowers for her, this combo is definitely the best to make her feel special on the special day. Also, at online gift portals, such combos are available with nationwide and worldwide delivery services too.

Black and White Photo Canvas:

If she owns some very photogenic photographs, one of those can be converted to a magnificent Black and White Photo Canvas. No wonder, this very thoughtful gift will leave her spellbound on her special day. It will always be something that she will love to see on the wall of her room at home. Moreover, this thought gift will reflect the giver's thoughtfulness and feelings of love for her.

A Trendy Handbag Full of Roses and Heart Shaped Chocolates:

Another quite out-of-the-box romantic birthday gift idea for your girlfriend is this one. How can a girl say no to a new and stylish arm candy? In fact, she will love it a lot. However, to change a useful and trendy handbag into a romantic gift, the idea of ​​filling it with red roses and delicious heart-shaped chocolates will definitely prove to be a heart-winning idea.

Wrist Watch:

How can a wristwatch be a romantic gift for sweetheart? Well, the answer to this is 'putting a little extra effort for this.' Just get the classiest or the trendiest wristwatch for her and decorate the box with little paper heart shape cuttings. Also, you can put a red rose inside the box with the watch and a love note with a romantic quote. No wonder, this watch will always make her remember this wonderful time forever.

That comes to an end for heart-winning romantic gifts for your girlfriend which can make her feel very special and on top of the world too. There is so much to consider gifting and surprising her. Just buy birthday gifts with heart!

Architectural Rendering Symbols

Architectural rendering refers to the visualization of a proposed design. The architecture rendering of visualization presents the replica of the planned project for the approval of the person who wants it to be constructed. Once approved, the plan is then taken ahead for construction. Architectural renderings may include commercial or residential units consisting of complicated designs and lengthy animations. Architectural rendering symbols are used to simplify the designing procedure while drawing the blueprint of the project.

In earlier times, architects had to perform an extensive job of drawing and explaining their layouts in detail by mentioning every part of the designing structure. Architectural rendering technologies have now redefined the method and procedures of architectural rendering. The architects employ various "Auto-CAD", Automatic Computer Aided Designing symbols to make their job easier and faster. These symbols have now become an integral part of architectural rendering.

These symbols are divided into different segments in order to provide a clear understanding and classify the areas of their usage. Every portion of the project is thus projected by different symbols typical to that portion of the plan such as bedroom furniture and accessory symbols, bathroom accessory symbols, accessories for interior designing and outdoor planning, cars and even human figures. Apart from these symbols, there are specific architectural symbols used for indicating plans, structures, floor plans and framing plans of doors and windows as well.

The initial layout starts with the convention architecture symbols used for depicting the construction features such as plot and the site plan. The layout is then carried forward according to the specifications by using typical rendering symbols used for different metals, wood, glass and other materials that are required to finish the project. Symbols are also used for displaying the various classifications for earthly materials, concrete materials, glass varieties and stone surfaces. These symbols, thus, play an important role in shaping up the final replica of the proposed project.

Traits And Skills of Bank Customer Service

Customer service is one of the most important parts of mobile banking. Banks are actually service based kind of business so many of the activities involve service elements. They do sell financial and banking products, but the tangible product is very little. The service manager's deal with service issues directly, but there are some jobs that have to do with service.

Tellers

One element of service at the bank is the helpfulness and friendliness offered by the service employees who are tellers. They are the banks face, according to regular customers. These are people whom visitors interact with when checking transactions. Service oriented people affect the customer service reputation and performance.

The personal bankers

There are customers whose banking needs are more involving and they need personal bankers. The bankers meet with customers when setting up accounts or getting information regarding products offered by the bank. There are many issues that such people handle including transaction errors and unexpected bank fees. The banks often have customer service managers that deal with very many customer service concerns.

Loans

The finance and loans side of a bank have different customer service situations. This is where you find the mortgage consultants who tell customers about refinance and new loan options and aid them with applications. When the loan is approved, the loans division communicates with the client regarding the paperwork required. They are updated in loan status. Loan payment and any servicing questions are also answered here.

Self-service

Another part where the customer service of the bank is assessed is the self-service tools. Customers concentrate with the efficiency of banking more than in-bank experience that is personalized. The online banking tools that include moving money and paying bills are a good example. Mobile banking and ATMs are the additional options where banks offer the self-service opportunities.

Most banks will have a fixed customer service number that can be used 24 hours in a day and 7 days a week. When you select telephone banking, you can pay bills, transfer money and gain access to accounts easily and quickly. The other thing is the fact that you can make an application for a credit card or a loan over the phone. You may need a code to use some numbers, but this depends on the bank in question. One can also choose to communicate with a bank using a postal address.

Most banks today have a way to allow people with speech or hearing difficulty to use telephone banking. As such, an electronic typewriter is linked to the system and this allows anyone with such a difficulty to send and receive messages that deal with the issue present.

For bank customer service, there are a series of numbers that you can call for specific queries. In some cases, you will have a single business number to call. After the nature of your question has been established, you will be redirected to a person who is capable of handling the matter.